ADVERB

ADVERB

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1. ✓Simple Adverb:
2. ✓Relative adverbs:
3. ✓Interrogative adverbs:

INTRODUCTION

-An adverb is word that qualifies

(a)A verb

For Ex-He speaks softly

                   verb      adverb

(b)An adjective

For Ex-He drank very hot tea

                          adverb   adj

(c)An adverb

For Ex-He worked quite hard 

                                  adverb. adverb

(d)A preposition

For Ex-The helicopter hovered exactly over his house

                                                    adverb. Prep      

(e)A conjunction

For Ex-He likes her simply because she has a Clear conscience

                                 adverb.      Conj

(f)A complete sentence

For Ex-Fortunately he did not hurt himself 

              adverb.                       Sentence

-Usually,an adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun but a few adverbs for example:only even at last, almost, can also be used for same purpose

For Ex- Only Hari has passed

            adverb  noun

             Only they can save you

            adverb  Pronoun

Classification of Adverbs:

✓Adverbs are of three types:

1.simple Adverbs

2.Interrogative Adverbs

3.Relative Adverbs

✓Simple Adverb:

If denotes time, place, number, manner, frequency,degree, affirmation or negation.

(a) Adverb of manner:

An adverb of manner tells how a work is done

The following words express the manner of an action and answer the question how, boldly, bravely, quickly, slowly, easily, badly,well,etc.

For Ex-He works honestly

            He works slowly

Remember: The adverb ending in ly generally comes under adverb of manner

Also read :PAST TENSE

Adjective	Adverb
Slow	Slowly
Glad	Gladly
Honest	Honestly

Miser,niggard,scholar and coward are few nouns in which we often get confused between their adjective and adverb forms.

Noun	Adjective form	Adverb form
Coward	Cowardly	In a cowardly manner
Miser	Miserly	In a miserly manner
Scholar	Scholarly	In a scholarly

Remember:

✓A few words have the same adverb and adjective forms for example: Fast, straight,out right, direct,hard,late,high,safe and quite.

For Ex-He worked hard.   This is a hard work 

              Adverb.                      Adjective

✓Adverb of time: after,ago, early,late,now,then,soon, today, tomorrow etc,are adverbs of time. It shows when did the action take place.

For Ex-I came late

✓adverb of place Adverb of place:here,there,near,by,up,down,in, out,everywhere,nowwhere,somewhere, anywhere,nowhere else etc. are some examples of adverb of place

For Ex-Where is your match?

            It is here.

✓Adverb of manner: boldly, bravely, quickly, slowly, easily, badly, hard,how, fast,well,etc. are some example of adverb of manner

For Ex-How is she typing?

            She is typing carefully

✓Adverb of frequency/number:once,twice,thrice, always,never, seldom, often, frequently,etc. are some examples of adverb of frequency/number

For Ex-It shows how often

            He is always punctual

            She has always helped me

✓Adverb of degree: almost,very,very much,too, enough,so much, just,of course, quite rather,rarely, hardly, much, more,most, barely,etc  are some examples of adverb of degree

For Ex-He is too I'll to go to work

            He is rich enough to maintain a car

✓Adverbs of reason:so,hence, therefore,on account of consequently etc. are some examples of adverb of reason

Also read :FUTURE TENSE

For Ex-I could not come because I was not well

            I do not like him since he has cheated my people

✓Adverb of affirmation: surely, certainly, truly,etc. are some examples of adverb of affirmation

For Ex-she will truly help you

            I will surely repay the loan

✓Adverbs of negation:no, not,never,etc. are some examples of adverb of negation

For Ex-He did not reply to my letter

            I have never cheated anybody

✓Relative adverbs:

when,where,why and how etc. are some examples of adverb of relative adverbs

For Ex-I do not know where he was gone

            He will come when I call him

✓Interrogative adverbs:

why, when,where,now,etc. are some examples of interrogative adverbs

For Ex-Why are you surprised?

            Where has she seen me?

Degree of comparison

Adverbs has three degree of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Fast Hard High	Faster Harder Higher	Fastest Hardest Highest
Slowly Politely Wisely	More slowly More politely More wisely	Most slowly Most politely Most wisely
Well Badly Much Little	Better Worse More Less	Best Worst Most Least

Also read :PRESENT TENSE, Present Indefinite tense

Rule 1: With the positive degree as+positive degree+as is used in the affirmative and not+as+positive degree+as is used in the negative

For Ex-1.Suresh works as hard as ramesh

            2.He does not sing as melodiously as she does

Rule 2: With the comparative degree we use comparative form+than. 

For Ex-Dolly works harder than daisy

Rule 3: With the comparative degree we can use of the two+noun+......+the+competitive form

For Ex-Of the two girls lina behaves the more politely

Rule 4: The construction the+comparative…..the+competitive is used to express parall increase or decrease

For Ex-The higher you go the wider it is

Rule 5: Else is followed by but and rather is followed by than

For Ex-1. I would rather die than beg

            2. It is nothing else than foolishness (use than in place of but )

Rule 6: Adverbs like seldom,never, nowhere, nothing, hardly,scarely, neither, barely, rarely are negative meaning

For Ex-1. I rarely went to meet nobody (use anybody in place of nobody)

            2. I hardly know somebody about you (use anybody in place of somebody)

Rule 7: Negative words like not/never is not used with deny, forbid,both, unless, until, lest, hardly, sacredly, rarely, seldom and too.

For Ex-1. She denied that she had not done anything wrong (delete not)

            2. Both of us are not going there(×)

            3. Neither of us is going there (✓)

• “Love you too” is (correct ) 

           • “Love you to” is (incorrect). 

Also read :CONJUNCTION

In the above sentence “Too” means the same thing as “also” while “to” is a preposition 

Rule 8:1 Adverb as can be used with- regard, describe, define,treat,view, Know

             2 Adverb as cannot be used with- name,elect,think,consider,call,appoint,make, choose.

For Ex-1. I regard him my brother (add as after him)

            2. She is considered as the best student of my class (drop as after considered)

Rule 9: 'seldom or never','seldom,if ever','little or nothing','little,if anything' are correct but it is wrong to say'seldom or ever' or 'little or anything'

For Ex-He seldom or never goes to see movies

Rule 10: Verb of sensation (taste,smell,feel,appear, sound and look) should take adjective and not adverb after them

For Ex- 1. I                look             honest

               (Verb of sensation).        (Adjective)

              2.  I         work              honestly

                 (Ordinary verb).             (adverb)

            3.  I            felt                 bad

                 (Verb of sensation)    (adjective)

Rule 11: mainly, masterly, slovenly, friendly, orderly, gentlemanly,sickly, weekly, monthly are adjectives which must not be mistaken as adverbs just because they end in ly

For Ex-1. He behaved friendly (×)

            2. He behaved in a friendly manner (✓)

Rule 12: To emphasize the adverb,it is used at the beginning of the sentence

For Ex-1. Off she goes

            2. Here comes the chief guest

Rule 13: Adverb of time (always,never,ever, often, seldom, sometimes) are used before the verbs that they modify. But if these adverbs come at the beginning of the sentence,the sentence takes inversion form which means the verb/helping verb at the beginning of the sentence

For Ex- 1. Seldom he comes to Delhi (×)

              Seldom does he come to Delhi(✓)

            2. Never I'll go there (×)

             Never shall I go there(✓)