ADVERB
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INTRODUCTION
-An adverb is word that qualifies
(a)A verb
For Ex-He speaks softly
verb adverb
(b)An adjective
For Ex-He drank very hot tea
adverb adj
(c)An adverb
For Ex-He worked quite hard
adverb. adverb
(d)A preposition
For Ex-The helicopter hovered exactly over his house
adverb. Prep
(e)A conjunction
For Ex-He likes her simply because she has a Clear conscience
adverb. Conj
(f)A complete sentence
For Ex-Fortunately he did not hurt himself
adverb. Sentence
-Usually,an adjective qualifies a noun or pronoun but a few adverbs for example:only even at last, almost, can also be used for same purpose
For Ex- Only Hari has passed
adverb noun
Only they can save you
adverb Pronoun
Classification of Adverbs:
✓Adverbs are of three types:
1.simple Adverbs
2.Interrogative Adverbs
3.Relative Adverbs
✓Simple Adverb:
If denotes time, place, number, manner, frequency,degree, affirmation or negation.
(a) Adverb of manner:
An adverb of manner tells how a work is done
The following words express the manner of an action and answer the question how, boldly, bravely, quickly, slowly, easily, badly,well,etc.
For Ex-He works honestly
He works slowly
Remember: The adverb ending in ly generally comes under adverb of manner
Miser,niggard,scholar and coward are few nouns in which we often get confused between their adjective and adverb forms.
Remember:
✓A few words have the same adverb and adjective forms for example: Fast, straight,out right, direct,hard,late,high,safe and quite.
For Ex-He worked hard. This is a hard work
Adverb. Adjective
✓Adverb of time: after,ago, early,late,now,then,soon, today, tomorrow etc,are adverbs of time. It shows when did the action take place.
For Ex-I came late
✓adverb of place Adverb of place:here,there,near,by,up,down,in, out,everywhere,nowwhere,somewhere, anywhere,nowhere else etc. are some examples of adverb of place
For Ex-Where is your match?
It is here.
✓Adverb of manner: boldly, bravely, quickly, slowly, easily, badly, hard,how, fast,well,etc. are some example of adverb of manner
For Ex-How is she typing?
She is typing carefully
✓Adverb of frequency/number:once,twice,thrice, always,never, seldom, often, frequently,etc. are some examples of adverb of frequency/number
For Ex-It shows how often
He is always punctual
She has always helped me
✓Adverb of degree: almost,very,very much,too, enough,so much, just,of course, quite rather,rarely, hardly, much, more,most, barely,etc are some examples of adverb of degree
For Ex-He is too I'll to go to work
He is rich enough to maintain a car
✓Adverbs of reason:so,hence, therefore,on account of consequently etc. are some examples of adverb of reason
For Ex-I could not come because I was not well
I do not like him since he has cheated my people
✓Adverb of affirmation: surely, certainly, truly,etc. are some examples of adverb of affirmation
For Ex-she will truly help you
I will surely repay the loan
✓Adverbs of negation:no, not,never,etc. are some examples of adverb of negation
For Ex-He did not reply to my letter
I have never cheated anybody
✓Relative adverbs:
when,where,why and how etc. are some examples of adverb of relative adverbs
For Ex-I do not know where he was gone
He will come when I call him
✓Interrogative adverbs:
why, when,where,now,etc. are some examples of interrogative adverbs
For Ex-Why are you surprised?
Where has she seen me?
Degree of comparison
Adverbs has three degree of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative
Rule 1: With the positive degree as+positive degree+as is used in the affirmative and not+as+positive degree+as is used in the negative
For Ex-1.Suresh works as hard as ramesh
2.He does not sing as melodiously as she does
Rule 2: With the comparative degree we use comparative form+than.
For Ex-Dolly works harder than daisy
Rule 3: With the comparative degree we can use of the two+noun+......+the+competitive form
For Ex-Of the two girls lina behaves the more politely
Rule 4: The construction the+comparative…..the+competitive is used to express parall increase or decrease
For Ex-The higher you go the wider it is
Rule 5: Else is followed by but and rather is followed by than
For Ex-1. I would rather die than beg
2. It is nothing else than foolishness (use than in place of but )
Rule 6: Adverbs like seldom,never, nowhere, nothing, hardly,scarely, neither, barely, rarely are negative meaning
For Ex-1. I rarely went to meet nobody (use anybody in place of nobody)
2. I hardly know somebody about you (use anybody in place of somebody)
Rule 7: Negative words like not/never is not used with deny, forbid,both, unless, until, lest, hardly, sacredly, rarely, seldom and too.
For Ex-1. She denied that she had not done anything wrong (delete not)
2. Both of us are not going there(×)
3. Neither of us is going there (✓)
• “Love you too” is (correct )
• “Love you to” is (incorrect).
In the above sentence “Too” means the same thing as “also” while “to” is a preposition
Rule 8:1 Adverb as can be used with- regard, describe, define,treat,view, Know
2 Adverb as cannot be used with- name,elect,think,consider,call,appoint,make, choose.
For Ex-1. I regard him my brother (add as after him)
2. She is considered as the best student of my class (drop as after considered)
Rule 9: 'seldom or never','seldom,if ever','little or nothing','little,if anything' are correct but it is wrong to say'seldom or ever' or 'little or anything'
For Ex-He seldom or never goes to see movies
Rule 10: Verb of sensation (taste,smell,feel,appear, sound and look) should take adjective and not adverb after them
For Ex- 1. I look honest
(Verb of sensation). (Adjective)
2. I work honestly
(Ordinary verb). (adverb)
3. I felt bad
(Verb of sensation) (adjective)
Rule 11: mainly, masterly, slovenly, friendly, orderly, gentlemanly,sickly, weekly, monthly are adjectives which must not be mistaken as adverbs just because they end in ly
For Ex-1. He behaved friendly (×)
2. He behaved in a friendly manner (✓)
Rule 12: To emphasize the adverb,it is used at the beginning of the sentence
For Ex-1. Off she goes
2. Here comes the chief guest
Rule 13: Adverb of time (always,never,ever, often, seldom, sometimes) are used before the verbs that they modify. But if these adverbs come at the beginning of the sentence,the sentence takes inversion form which means the verb/helping verb at the beginning of the sentence
For Ex- 1. Seldom he comes to Delhi (×)
Seldom does he come to Delhi(✓)
2. Never I'll go there (×)
Never shall I go there(✓)
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