PRESENT TENSE, Present Indefinite tense

 Tenses

Present Indefinite tense

    This tense is called present indefinite tense because in this tense, the action is simply mentioned and nothing can be said about its completeness.Distance is used to express an action which occurs on regular basis

Structure 

For Singular

✓ sub+V1+s/es+obj.(Affirmative)

•  she writes a letter

✓sub+does not+V1+obj.(Negative)

• he does not write a letter

✓Does+sub+V1+obj.+? (Interrogative)

• Does she write a letter?

✓Does+sub+not+V1+obj+? (Interrogative -Negative)

For Plural

✓sub+V1+obj(Affirmative)

• They play cricket

✓sub+do not+V1+obj(Negative)

• They do not play cricket

✓Do+sub+V1+obj+? (Interrogative)

• Do they play cricket?

✓Do+sub+not+V1+obj+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• They do not play cricket?

Uses

1.To show habitual action

Ex-(1) He goes out for a walk every day.

      (2) My father visits temple trice a weak.

2. To show general truth/ universal truth/ permanent truth etc.

Ex-(1) the sun rises in the East.

      (2) Water boils at 200°c.

3. To show imperative sentences

Ex- (1) Always obey your parents

       (2) Do not play on the road

4. In exclamatory sentences which start with here and there

Ex- (1) Hair comes the train

       (2) There rings the bell

5. In newspaper headlines and commentary of sports

Ex- (1) India launches a satellite

       (2) Sachin hits a boundary

6. To describe the events that occurred in past in a dramatic way

Ex- (1) India uprootes the British Empire

       (2) Alexander defeats paurus

7. Distance is also used to express professional activities

Ex- (1)A barber cuts hair 

       (2) Aconfectioner sales sweets

     Present continuous tense

This tense is used to express action that is currently in progress

Structure

For Singular

✓sub+is+V1 ing+obj(Affirmative)

• She is singing a song

✓sub+is not+V1 ing+obj(Negative)

• She is not singing a song

✓Is+sub+V1 ing+obj+?(Interrogative)

• Is she singing a song

✓Is+sub+not+V1 ing+obj?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Is she not singing a song?

For Plural

✓sub+are+V1 ing+obj(Affirmative)

• They are playing cricket

✓sub+are not+V1 ing+obj(Negative)

• They are not playing cricket

✓Are+sub+V1 ing+obj+?(Interrogative)

• Are they playing cricket?

✓Are+sub+not+V1 ing+obj+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Are they not playing cricket?

Uses:

1. To show a continuous actions

Ex- (1) He is playing chess

       (2) They are not driving a car

2. To show those actions which have following words

 "Now these days, now a days ,still ,at this time, at this moment ,at present"

Ex- (1) Is she still reading?

       (2) My mother is reading the Bible now

3. To denote a change of present state/situation into another

Ex- (1) Cars are becoming cost clear day by day

       (2)She is getting more and more complicated

4. To show those events/ actions that will take place in near future

Ex- (1) I am going on vacations tomorrow

       (2) She is getting married next week

 Present perfect tense

This tense is used to express those actions that have been finished recently

Structure

For singular

✓sub+has+V3+obj(Affirmative)

• She has bought a house

✓sub+has not+V3+obj(Negative)

• She has not bought a house

✓Has+sub+V3+obj+?(Interrogative)

• Has she bought a house?

✓Has+sub+not+V3+obj+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Has she not bought a house?

For Plural:

✓sub+have+V3+obj(Affirmative)

• They have completed their work

✓sub+have not+V3+obj(Negative)

• They have not completed their work

✓Have+sub+V3+obj+?(Interrogative)

• Have they completed their work?

✓Have+sub+not+V3+obj+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Have they not completed their work?

Uses:

1.To show action that has just ended

Ex- (1) I have written a letter

       (2) John has gone to Kolkata

2. In sentences which consist the following

"This/ that /it is the first/ second/ third /best/ worst"

Ex- (1) This is the worst novel I have ever read

       (2) It is the best book I have ever read

3. To show those sentences which have the following words

"Already ,so far as yet,yet, up now ,just, just now ,recently ,ever lately" 

Ex- (1) I have already taken my lunch

       (2)Have you ever been to London

    Present perfect continuous

This type of tenses is used to express those actions that had begun in the past and are still in progress

Structure

For Singular

✓sub+has been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being (Affirmative)

Ram has been living here since 1996

Sam has been living here for last 9 years

✓sub+has not been+v1 ing+obj+since/for+time being (Negative)

• Shyam has not been living here since 1993
• Shyam has not living here for last 9 years

✓Has+sub+been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being+?(Interrogative)

• Has Naveen Beijing leaving here since 1993?
• Has Naveen been living here for last 9 years

✓Has+sub+not+been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Has Babu not been living here since 1993?
• Has Ram not been living here for last 9 years

For Plural:

✓Sub+have been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being (Affirmative)

• They have been singing since morning
•  They have been singing for 2 hours

✓sub+have not been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being (Negative)

• They have not been singing since morning
• They have not been singing for 3 hours

✓Have+sub+been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being+?(Interrogative)

• Have they bean singing since morning?
• Have they been singing for 2 hours

✓Have+sub+not+been+V1 ing+obj+since/for+time being+?(Interrogative-Negative)

• Have they not been singing for 2 hours?
• I have been cleaning the room since morning

Uses

1. To show those actions that had begun in the past and are still in progress 

Ex- (1) The baby has been sleeping since morning

2. It can be used with time phrases like

"For, since, long, how long ,all the time, all week, etc for how long have you been eating ?

Ex- (1) She has been crying all the time