PRONOUNS

Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that is used in place of noun is ordered to avoid repetition of a noun in a sentence make our language stylistic 

Pronouns are of 10 types 

1. Personal Pronouns
2. Possessive Pronouns
3. Reflexive Pronouns
4. Demonstrative Pronoun
5. Relative Pronoun 
   
6. Interrogative Pronouns
7. Reciprocal Pronouns 
8. Universal Pronouns 
   
9. Distributive Pronouns
10. Indefinite Pronouns 

1.PERSONAL PRONOUN

Personal pronouns are used for 3 persons 

• The person speaking (first person) 

• The person spoken to (second person)

• The person spoken of (third person)

Personal pronounce include I,we,he,she, it they, you, me etc

Nominative case	Objective case
I	Me
She	Her
They	Them
We	Us
He	Him
It	It
You	You

Use of personal pronouns

• Use of we and I

We and I are used for first person

For Ex-I am a teacher

            We go to school

• Use of He/She

He/she is used for third person

For Ex-He plays cricket

            She goes to market

• Uses of You

You is used for second person

For Ex-You are a good boy

            You should respect your elders

• Use of It

It is used for animals,infants, insects and non living thing

For Ex-India is a developing country.

            It has a great cultural heritage. 

            It is my car

It is used to denote time, weather, distance, temperature or any other natural event. It is used only as an'introductory subject' and has no meaning

For Ex-It is raining

            It is Sunday

            It is 7 O'clock

It is also used as a subject to emphasize the noun or pronoun

For Ex- It was she who passed the exam

             It was he who came late

• Uses of they

They is the plural form of it and can be used for mankind, animal, bird,non living etc.,in plural

For Ex-They are girls (mankind)

            They are chairs(non living)

            They are cats(animals)

There are some rules that must be followed while dealing with personal pronouns. They are as follows:

Rule 1: If all the three persons (i.e., first person (1), second person (2) and third person (3)) or two out of three persons are coming in a single sentance, then the order or pronouns that is to be followed is '231'.

For Ex- You,he and I have scored good marks (231)

             He and I are going to party (31)

             You and he are doing a great job (23)

Rule 2: If all the three persons or two out of three persons are used in a single sentence, which is negative is sense then the Arthur of pronounce that must be followed is 1 2 3 4 

For Ex- I, you and he are guilty and will be punished

Rule 3: The order that is to be followed while using plural nouns they will '1 2 3'

For Ex-we, you and they will be awarded for the good work we have done 

Rule 4: words like let ,like, between and but ,except and all prepositions are followed by an objective (Accusative) case

For Ex- He looked at me 

             Let me complete this work 

Rule 5: In case of a comparison between two nominative case, the pronoun that is used is also of the nominative case 

• For Ex- He is as fast as me (wrong)

             He is as fast as I (correct) 

             She is better than him (wrong) 

             She is better than he (correct) 

2.POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

Possessive pronounce are used to indicate possession for example mine, yours,hers, theirs, ours etc

Note:Noun is not used after Possessive pronoun

For Ex-This is mine book (wrong)

            This is your book (wrong)

Our, your,her, their, etc are called possessive adjective

Note:Noun is used after Possessive adjective

For Ex- That is my car

             This is your pen

Uses of Possessive pronouns

(1) When a verb comes in between a noun and pronoun, possessive pronoun is used

For Ex-Yous is the best, mine the worst

(2)We can use a possessive pronoun as the subject in any sentence

For Ex-Mine is a new book

(3) Possessive pronoun can be used as the object of a verb

For Ex-I have my pen as well as yours

(4) When a pronoun is preceded by of we use possessive pronoun

For Ex-That pen of yours is lost

There are some rules which must be followed to ensure grammatical accuracy while studying possessive pronoun. Some of them are as follows:

Rule 1: Possessive pronouns are not used with the words like seperation, leave, excuse, mention, report,pardon,sight,favour

For Ex- She needs your favour (wrong)

             She needs favour from you (correct)

Rule 2: Apostrophe is not used in possessive pronouns

For Ex-I have a car. It's colour is red(wrong)

            I have a car. Its colour is red (correct)

3. REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

Reflexive pronoun are formed by joining suffix- self to personal pronouns of the singular number and -selves to personal pronouns of the plural number.For Ex-myself, ourselves, herself, himself, themselves etc

Uses of Reflexive pronoun

(1) It is used after some words like acquiet, amuse, resign, avenge ,adopt, adjust ,Pride ,absent and enjoy

For Ex-one should avail one self of the opportunity which life gives 

Note: If absent is used as a verb 

(2)If the door is affected by the action and the result reflexive pronoun is used 

For Ex- I cut my finger myself 

(3)Reflexive pronoun is used when the 'subject' emphasizes his action are skills 

For Ex- I will myself complete my work

             we will ourselves face this problem 

Note: Reflexive pronoun is not used as a subject or an object of a sentence unless a noun or pronoun precedes it 

For Ex- myself Sagar from Punjab (wrong)

            I am Sagar from Punjab (correct)

            I myself can do this work (correct)

Note: keep ,stop, turn, qualify, bathe,move ,rest, hide etc are few words which do not take a reflexive pronoun 

For Ex- he hid himself behind the wall (wrong)

             he hid behind the wall correct

4. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN

Demonstrative pronoun are those pronounce that are used to point towards something specific within a sentence 

For Ex- this, that, these, those, such, one etc

Use uses of demonstrative pronoun

1.This is used for singular nouns that are placed closer 

For Ex- this is a pen 

2.These is used for plural pronouns that are placed for near 

For Ex- these are pens

3.That is used to demonstrate singular nouns that are placed for 

For Ex- that is a pen 

4.Those is used to demonstrate plural nouns that are placed for 

For Ex- those are pens 

5.One and Ones are used as substitutes for nouns 

For Ex- I have last my book ,but I have got one(book) from my friend 

6.Such is also used as a substitute for a noun 

For Ex- I am a teacher and as such (a teacher) I should be unbiased

5. RELATIVE PRONOUN

A relative pronoun is one which relates a clause or phrase to a noun or a pronoun 

For Ex- who, which, that etc 

Uses of Relative Pronoun 

(1)who and whom are used for humans in subjective and objective cases respectively 

For Ex-  She is the girl who teaches English 

              They are the students who she teach 

(2)which is used for all except humans 

For Ex- this is the car which I bought

(3)Whose is used in possessive case 

For EX- these are the children whose father has died 

(4)If a human and a non living thing or animal are joined by and, then a relative pronoun that is used 

For Ex- the girls and her dog that I saw least Sunday have 

(5)After a superlative degree that is used

For Ex- She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen 

(6)words like everything, nothing, anything, the only ,the few ,the little ,the same etc are used with that 

For Ex- I give him the few pens that I had got 

             she is the same girl that helped me 

6. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN

Interactive pronouns are used for asking questions 

For Ex- who, which,what etc 

Uses of Interrogative Pronouns

 

1.who is used to ask about the subject 

For Ex- who is she?

2. whom is used to ask about the object

For Ex- whom have you called ?

3.whose is used to ask about the possession of something 

For Ex- whose car is that? 

Note: whose is not used for non-living things 

For Ex- This is the pen whose cap was lost (wrong)

             This is the pen,the cap of which was lost (correct)

4.which is user for both persons and things choice is to be made between two or more 

For Ex- which of the two cars is yours?

5.where,why and when are used as Interrogative Pronouns for place, reason and time respectively

For Ex-where is your book?(place)

            why are you sad?(reason)

            when will you come here?(time)

7. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN

Pronounce that indicates a mutual relationship are called reciprocal pronouns each other and one another are the two reciprocal pronouns 

Uses of Reciprocal Pronoun 

1.Each other is used to denote a relationship between two subjects 

For Ex- meena and her sister love each other 

2.One another is used to denote a relationship among more than two subjects For Ex- all the team members support one another 

8.UNIVERSAL PRONOUN

1.Anybody, somebody, nobody, someone, all, both, many etc are called universal pronoun 

Uses of Universal Pronoun 

Anybody, somebody, nobody ,everybody, etc denotes singular nouns 

For Ex- somebody has arrived to help him 

             everybody loves this movie 

2.All, both, some, many etc denotes plural nouns

For Ex- many are required 

             all have done their job 

9.DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN 

pronouns which separate a person or thing from a group of persons or things are called distributive pronouns 

For Ex- either of, neither of,each of ,everyone of ,any of ,one of etc 

Uses of Distributive Pronoun 

1.Either of and neither of are used to denote choice between two persons or thing 

For Ex- either of these two men is our new teacher 

             neither of these two pens is mine 

2.Any of/One of is used to denote choice among many persons or things 

For Ex- One of these books is mine 

Note: none of is negative of one of and means not one of more than two

For Ex- none of (not one of) the boys has come 

Note: distribute you pronouns agree with singular verbs 

10. INDEFINITE PRONOUN 

Indefinite pronouns are those that are used in general sense and have no definite relationship with a noun 

some of the examples of indefinite pronounce are:

 one, none, all ,many ,both etc 

Uses of Indefenite Pronouns 

1.Any and all are used both in singular and plural number 

For Ex- all that glitters is not gold (singular)

             all of us have cleared the exam (plural) 

2.Both some ,many and few are used as plural 

For Ex- both of them are coming 

             some of my classmates have cleared the test 

Note: if one has been used in nominative case ,then we should use one in accusative case as well 

For Ex- one should respect his teachers (wrong)

             one should respect one's teacher(correct)